Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2021 Population

108,953

0.999% 1-year growth

US Senator

Bob Menendez

Democratic Party

US Senator

Cory Booker

Democratic Party

2021 Median Age

44.3

1.14% 1-year increase

2021 Poverty Rate

18.8%

6.11% 1-year increase

2021 Median Household Income

$56,671

5.47% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$231,700

0.959% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

46,400

1.83% 1-year decline

About

In 2021, Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ had a population of 109k people with a median age of 44.3 and a median household income of $56,671. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ grew from 107,875 to 108,953, a 0.999% increase and its median household income grew from $53,730 to $56,671, a 5.47% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are White (Non-Hispanic) (50.4%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (15.8%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (10.4%), Other (Hispanic) (9.59%), and White (Hispanic) (5.59%).

30.5% of the households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

91.1% of the residents in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Atlantic County (East)--Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are Stockton University (2,667 degrees awarded in 2021).

In 2021, the median property value in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was $231,700, and the homeownership rate was 58.7%.

Most people in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 24.2 minutes. The average car ownership in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was 2 cars per household.

Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ borders Pleasantville City & Hammonton Town PUMA, NJ, Ocean County (South) PUMA, NJ, Burlington County (South & East) PUMA, NJ, and Ocean City & Somers Point City PUMA, NJ.

About the photo: Atlantic City, NJ

Photo by Dave Buchhofer

United States New Jersey

Population & Diversity

Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ is home to a population of 109k people, from which 91.1% are citizens. As of 2021, 19% of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ residents were born outside of the country (20.7k people).

In 2021, there were 3.2 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (54.9k people) in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ than any other race or ethnicity. There were 17.2k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 11.3k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are Spanish (17,057 households), Bengali (2,464 households), and Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (1,773 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

56,471

Women

51.7%

52,661

Men

48.3%

The resident population of United States in 2021 was 109,132 inhabitants, with 48.3% men, and 51.7% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

91.1%

2021 Citizenship

91.3%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 91.1% of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was 91.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ

White (Non-Hispanic)
54.9k ± 1.3k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
17.2k ± 1.3k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
11.3k ± 893

19.3%

Hispanic Population

21k people

19.3% of the people in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are hispanic (21k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
2,953 ± 1,316 people
India
2,195 ± 1,139 people
Bangladesh
1,635 ± 985 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was Mexico, the natal country of 2,953 Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ residents, followed by India with 2,195 and Bangladesh with 1,635.

Foreign-Born Population

19%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

20.7k people

19.1%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

20.6k people

As of 2021, 19% of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ residents (20.7k people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was 19.1%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
17,057 households (16.5%)
Bengali
2,464 households (2.38%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
1,773 households (1.71%)

30.5% of the households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is higher than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2021, the most common non-English language spoken in households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was Spanish. 16.5% of the households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
1,802 ± 328
Gulf War (2001-)
577 ± 284
Korea
504 ± 142

Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 3.12 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ employs 46.4k people. The largest industries in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are Amusement & Recreation (4,675 people), Restaurants & Food Services (4,115 people), and Traveler accommodation (3,282 people), and the highest paying industries are Management, scientific & technical consulting services ($178,439), Legal services ($154,841), and Architectural, engineering & related services ($152,577).

Males in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ have an average income that is 1.2 times higher than the average income of females, which is $56,622. The income inequality in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ (measured using the Gini index) is 0.499, which is higher than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

22,736

Women

48.1%

24,527

Men

51.9%

The workforce of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ in 2020 was 47,263 people, with 48.1% woman, and 51.9% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

46.4k

2021 Value

−1.83%

1 Year decline

± −1.83%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ declined at a rate of −1.83%, from 47.3k employees to 46.4k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ, are Cashiers (1,440 people), Maids & housekeeping cleaners (1,351 people), and Retail salespersons (1,350 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in New Jersey (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

46.4k

2021 Value

−1.83%

1 Year decline

± −1.83%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ declined at a rate of −1.83%, from 47.3k employees to 46.4k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ, are Amusement & Recreation (4,675 people), Restaurants & Food Services (4,115 people), and Traveler accommodation (3,282 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ, though some of these residents may live in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$37,424

Median earning men ± $2,671

$31,622

Median earning women ± $1,454

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Public Administration ($64,587), Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($63,079), and Educational Services, & Health Care & Social Assistance ($61,684).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Information ($67,019), Professional, Scientific, & Management, & Administrative & Waste Management Services ($53,561), and Public Administration ($51,799).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

Y-Axis

2.75%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 155M people employed in New Jersey. This represents a 2.75% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in New Jersey.

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Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2020, the top outbound New Jersey product (by dollars) was Electronics with $68.4B, followed by Pharmaceuticals ($64.3B) and Motorized vehicles ($45.5B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound New Jersey products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for New Jersey.

$634B

2020 Value in New Jersey

$1.35T

Projected 2050 Value in New Jersey

113% growth

In 2020, total outbound New Jersey trade was $634B. This is expected to increase 113% to $1.35T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound New Jersey trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from New Jersey to other states, or from other states to New Jersey.

Most Common Trade Partners

New York
$114B
Pennsylvania
$59.4B
Ohio
$21.2B

In 2020, the top outbound New Jersey domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was New York with $114B, followed by Pennsylvania with $59.4B and Ohio and $21.2B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that New Jersey shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 57.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (41.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (0.696%).

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing the state of New Jersey. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ. Showing the available data for New Jersey.

2020 Election Results

Joseph R Biden Jr. (57.3%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (41.4%)
Republican Party
Jo Jorgensen (0.696%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in New Jersey went to Joseph R Biden Jr. with 57.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (41.4%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (0.696%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in New Jersey for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from New Jersey

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

Bob Menendez

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on January 17, 2006
Appointed to the seat following the resignation of Jon Corzine, who was elected Governor of New Jersey.

Cory Booker

Senator from New Jersey

Assumed office on October 31, 2013
Elected to the seat to succeed Jeffrey Chiesa, who had been appointed to the seat following the death of Frank Lautenberg.

Bob Menendez and Cory Booker are the senators currently representing New Jersey.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in New Jersey over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from New Jersey

New Jersey is currently represented by 12 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for New Jersey have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ awarded 2,667 degrees. The student population of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ in 2021 is skewed towards women, with 3,535 male students and 5,817 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are White (1,821 and 68.7%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (339 and 12.8%), Black or African American (188 and 7.09%), and Asian (184 and 6.94%).

The largest universities in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ by number of degrees awarded are Stockton University (2,667 and 100%).

The most popular majors in Atlantic County (East)--Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ are General Business Administration & Management (474 and 17.8%), General Health Services (350 and 13.1%), and General Psychology (201 and 7.54%).

The median tuition cost in Atlantic County (East)--Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ for a public four year colleges is $12,490 for in-state students and $20,072 for out-of-state students.

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

University

Measure

In 2021 in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ, the percentage of applicants admitted was 84.5%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 25.7%. The number of students enrolled in 2021 was 9,352 (37.8% men and 62.2% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

Universities

In 2021 there were 9,352 students enrolled in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ, 37.8% men and 62.2% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in White with 5,812 records, of which 61.5% were women and 38.5% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Health Services
350 degrees awarded
General Psychology
201 degrees awarded
General Business Administration & Management
422 degrees awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Atlantic County (East)--Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was General Health Services with 350 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Atlantic County (East)--Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Stockton University

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

2,667 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was Stockton University with 2,667 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

University

In 2021, 950 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ, which is 0.553 times less than the 1,717 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was White students. These 1,821 degrees mean that there were 5.37 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 339 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Universities

Public, 4-year or above ($12,490) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Public, 4-year or above ($2,395) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Public, 4-year or above ($1,375) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2021, 1.41% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 2.09% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ in 2021 were High School or Equivalent (26.9k), Some college (18.9k), and Bachelors Degree (16.1k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was $231,700 in 2021, which is 0.946 times smaller than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $229,500 to $231,700, a 0.959% increase. The homeownership rate in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ is 58.7%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ have an average commute time of 24.2 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ is $56,671. In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was Ridgewood Village, Glen Rock & Westwood Boroughs PUMA, NJ with a value of $169,605, followed by Tenafly, Park Ridge & Cresskill Boroughs PUMA, NJ and Somerset County (North & West) PUMA, NJ, with respective values of $162,351 and $158,432.

Housing

Property

$231,700

Median Property Value 2021

±$5,774

$26,110

Median Property Taxes

±$1,149

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

58.7%

Homeownership

2021

60.5%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 58.7% of the housing units in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 58.7%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was Ridgewood Village, Glen Rock & Westwood Boroughs PUMA, NJ with a value of $169,605, followed by Tenafly, Park Ridge & Cresskill Boroughs PUMA, NJ and Somerset County (North & West) PUMA, NJ, with respective values of $162,351 and $158,432.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$56,671

Median Household Income

± $2,860

44.5k

Number of Households

± 1,704

In 2021, the median household income of the 44.5k households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ grew to $56,671 from the previous year's value of $53,730.

The following chart displays the households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Wage Distribution

0.499

2021 Wage GINI in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ

0.498

2020 Wage GINI in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ

In 2021, the income inequality in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was 0.499 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.181% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ was higher than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (67.5%)
Carpooled (8.97%)
Public Transit (7.96%)

In 2021, 67.5% of workers in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (8.97%) and those who used public transit to get to work (7.96%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

24.2 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ have a shorter commute time (24.2 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 3.16% of the workforce in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

18.8% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ (19.7k out of 105k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Females 35 - 44 and then Females 55 - 64.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ is Hispanic, followed by Black and White.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

91.1% of the population of Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ has health coverage, with 41% on employee plans, 22.4% on Medicaid, 15.9% on Medicare, 11% on non-group plans, and 0.703% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in New Jersey see 1171 patients per year on average, which represents a 0.679% decrease from the previous year (1179 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1139 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 383 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for New Jersey.

1,171 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in New Jersey

Primary care physicians in New Jersey see an average of 1,171 patients per year. This represents a 0.679% decrease from the previous year (1,179 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in New Jersey in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 20.7% under 18 years, 20.5% between 18 and 34 years, 39% between 35 and 64 years, and 19.8% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 47.8% were men and 52.2% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

8.93%

Uninsured

41%

Employer Coverage

22.4%

Medicaid

15.9%

Medicare

11%

Non-Group

0.703%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ grew by 3.04% from 8.66% to 8.93%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Atlantic City & Ventnor City PUMA, NJ changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.